Cold spray.

Cold spray uses raw speed instead of melting.

Inside a cold spray machine, heated compressed gas pushes carefully sized solid metal powder through a specially shaped nozzle. The gas accelerates the particles toward a cleaned surface at very high speed.

With enough speed, each particle flattens and deforms. The surface films on both the particles and the deposit surface break apart and clean metal contacts clean metal. Repeated impacts form a bonded coating or repair layer on the deposit surface without melting the powder.

Cold spray can reduce oxidation and heat-related damage, but one drawback is that hard or brittle powders may not deform enough to bond. High-pressure gas and fine powders also require enclosed equipment and extensive safety procedures.